Which screener(s) should I use?
Pick a screener which doesn't bias you for or against a stock. But you should compute the ratios yourself, from ARs, to understand the assumptions behind those computations.
Introduction
Though stock-screeners calculate a lot of things, you must do your own calculations too. You will miss a lot of good opportunities or make some expensive mistakes if you consider only the pre-calculated values.
The objective of this article is to explain the importance of your own calculations. The article provides examples where the screening portals might not give right results. The examples are not to demean any portal but to explain the reasons for the difference in numbers across websites.
Examples of dividend yield
Lets consider the dividend yield of Britannia Industries as on 29th April 2021 (#britannia-industries-dividend-yield):
The differences are because of different treatments of interim dividends. While screener.in considers all the interim dividends of FY21, MoneyControl considers only FY20's dividends. MorningStar considered only one of the two interim dividends (probably assuming the other one as a one time special dividend).
Another interesting case is that of Majesco. The dividend yield as on 29th April 2021 on various websites is (#majesco-dividend-yield):
The company sold off its US subsidiary and distributed most of the proceeds from the sale. The US subsidiary contributed over 90% of the company's revenues and assets. Thus it is safe to assume it was a one time dividend. The future dividend yield in such a case would be around 0 to 5%.
Relying on any screener and buying highest dividend yields shares blindly can make costly errors in such cases.
Examples of PE Ratio
Let's consider PE ratio of ONGC on different websites as on 29th April 2021 (#ongc-pe-ratio):
The company reported:
The differences across websites is because:
ValueResearchOnlineandMoneyControlconsidered consolidated EPS as reported by the company.Screener.inconsidered consolidated EPS but added back the exceptional losses.BseIndia.comandNseIndia.comconsidered standalone EPS.
The correct PE depends on your individual judgement on how you interpret the impact of exceptional items on future earnings.
The PE based on last 5 years average earnings will be 8.29. This is what Benjamin Graham recommends to use in such cases.
Operating margins and gross margins
The text-book definition of gross profit margin (GPM) is sales - cogs.
COGS is cost of goods sold.
Most websites will show the gross margins on this standard definition. However, this can sometimes be misleading.
Example in case of TCS - screener.in shows the GPM as 100%. This is because TCS has no inventory. But the correct metric for COGS in this case should be their employee cost.
Similarly in case of banks, most websites (eg screener.in), don't consider their interest cost in OPM (operating profit margin) and GPM (gross profit margin). Thus these numbers are shown exceptionally high.
Screening companies on margins can often yield incorrect results for:
Insurance companies
Banks
Finance companies
Mining companies
Return ratios
In case of Abbott India, the ROIC reported as on 29th April 2021 is (#abbott-india-roic):
The company held fixed-deposits (cash equivalents) of ₹ 2,197 Cr in FY20. While TijoriFinance excluded these cash-equivalents in the calculation of capital employed, other two websites didn't exclude it.
These differences in the methods of calculating ROCE, ROIC, ROA and other return ratios can yield wildly different results. You can sometimes miss some interesting companies because their calculated return might be much lower than their economic return ratios.
Summary and Wrap-up
The auto-calculated ratios on websites can often be different from manual calculations. Those calculations will often miss sector specific adjustments or "special cases" which are too frequent in the investing world.
Don’t rely blindly on any portal or report. Do your own due-diligence.Cross-check the numbers with your calculations.
Trust, but verify.
Though the websites and portals do their best, there are lots of nuances in the footnotes and schedules which are hard to capture. This mandates the due diligence from the investors and also provides opportunities to them.
To understand how to use a screener, you might want to check this out
Footnotes
Web-archives for case studies
Britannia Industries dividend yield
Majesco dividend yield
ONGC PE Ratio
Abbott India ROIC
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